Distribution essays

Distribution essays Since the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1990 it has grown from a means of communicating for physicists to having more than forty million users. This tremendous growth and interest in the Internet can only mean that great opportunities lie ahead for companies and their products. Digital marketing is changing how businesses are able to get their product to the consumer. It is allowing the channels of distribution to become shorter. In order to understand the channels of distribution and how they are becoming shorter, the concept must be explained. The traditional channels of distribution consist of the product, producer, wholesaler, retailer, and the consumer. This means that first there is a product. Then there has to be someone to produce the product. The product is usually produced in mass quantity. Then the wholesaler purchases the product from the producer and then sells it to the retailer at an increased price. The retailer then advertises the product to promote it to the consumer. The retailer also sells the product to the consumer at an increased price. This process makes for very long channels with increased costs of the products. Digital marketing has changed the flow of distribution channels. It has done this by allowing the channels to become shorter. Products may pass directly from the producer to the consumer, via a digital marketer. This means that instead of having multiple channels in distribution there might just be three. Producer, virtual marketer and consumer. It could also be just producer and consumer (Kleindl, Brad, 1996:10). One of the ways that digital marketing can shorten the channels of distribution is by eliminating the retailer and the intermediate wholesaler. The producer will be able to deliver the product directly to the consumer with the help of the digital marketer and the shipper of the product. This means decreased time periods and also allows the producer to produce ...

Is Expected Utility a good theory for explaining how people make Essay

Is Expected Utility a good theory for explaining how people make choices - Essay Example Therefore, it is virtually impossible to distinguish the most important factors from the least important ones. More often than not, economic theorists and scholars in statistics and probability choose to describe one single element of human decision-making and fail to account for a variety of subjective influences and objective circumstances that change the decision-making reality. Theory of Expected Utility is fairly regarded as one of the most challenging, controversial, and sophisticated theories of making choices. Theory of Expected Utility provides a brief insight into how individuals weigh and choose the anticipated utilities of different actions and decisions. Unfortunately, Theory of Expected Utility is too narrow to explain how people make choices: the theory exhibits unbelievable insensitivity to emotional and probabilistic factors and does not account for the natural human striving to preserve emotional and rational status quo by all possible means. Theory of Expected Util ity (or Expected Utility Theory – EUT) is rightly considered as one of the most complex and controversial explanations to how people make choices.... Apparently, EUT relies on the intrinsic striving by humans to be rational and objective in their choices and decisions. It should be noted, that the roots and origins of EUT date back to the middle of the 18th century, when the first solutions to the St. Petersburg paradox were developed (Cohen 1994). Daniel Bernoulli was the first to propose an idea that any expectation and decision-making that follows would be integrally linked to the notion of personal worth or personal utility, which individuals attributed to each particular option (Cohen 1994). Moreover, it was due to Bernoulli that the process of making choices was presented in numerical terms (Cohen 1994). With time, making choices came to exemplify a complex set of rational steps and acts, which laid the ground for making one specified preference over other stated options (Cohen 1994). As a result, EUT was developed to reflect a theoretical belief that any option could be assigned a numerical value, generally described as â⠂¬Å"utility†, with the process of making choices directed toward the option with the highest expected utility (Cohen 1994). Despite its theoretical contribution, EUT is too narrow to reflect, discuss, and predict how people make choices. The growing body of scholarly criticism does not leave any room for EUT. The fact is in that individuals are being governed by a variety of non-rational, emotional, subjective meanings that are beyond the scope of EUT. EUT does not account for the fact that individuals tend to make emotional choices and are willing to preserve their status quo by all possible means. Therefore, EUT can hardly be a relevant means of explaining how people make choices. Rather, it presents only one, narrow dimension of the complex process of taking the

Any bisiness artical that has been new nd happened for the last few Essay

Any bisiness artical that has been new nd happened for the last few months - Essay Example All factors of production in the business, may it be, labor, capital, raw materials or enterprise works towards achieving a common goal that is set for the company, and all activities carried out within the business are supposed to lead the company towards achieving its ultimate goal (Nolan, pp.148-152). Businesses additionally are run in a systematic manner, involve various processes, and have a number of rules and regulations that must be followed by those involved in it. One can observe additionally a number of departments in every business that manages various activities, such as the marketing department, finance department, promotion and advertising department, customer care department, etc (Nolan, pp. 20-39). A number of external and internal factors, which may include inflation rates, interest rates, and the exchange rate of a country’s currency can also influence every business and various skills are required in order to run a business smoothly and successfully along w ith achieving its objectives. Recently, due to the earthquake in Japan, which was followed by a tsunami, many changes have occurred in a number of businesses in the country. In an article by Alex Taylor (2011), found on the CNN website, the author (Taylor, 2011) talks about how Japan’s auto making industry is down but not out. He states that the two natural disasters that recently occurred will surely cause various shortages in the industry, but as noted before, Japanese automakers have the power to find their way out of catastrophes successfully. The author (Taylor, 2011) further states in his article that a Toyota representative had reported that no deaths or injuries have been under notice in the Toyota parts plants and subsidiaries, but the plants have surely suffered damage. According to Alex (Taylor, 2011), Toyota plans to keep its 12 main assembly plants in the country closed until Tuesday and the company’s representative stated that this might cause Toyota to l ose 95,000 units of cars that could have been under production. Due to this, Toyota reduced acceleration of the process of production in North America in order to conserve parts (Gholz, pp. 26-30). Japan’s auto making industry (Shimokawa, pp. 56-64) is currently trying to recover and resist from coming to an end, while people in the country are busy burying the dead, rescuing and curing the living citizens and dealing with the aftermath of the great disaster. Korea’s Tong Yang Securities states that production in the industry will surely not be able to come back to normal very soon, even though security analysts are quite busy doing their job and evaluating the results of the major catastrophe. Statistics (Taylor, 2011) included in the report show that in six months after the earthquake that occurred in January 1995, â€Å"shares of Toyota, Honda, and Nissan dropped by 22%, 35%, and 40% respectively† (Taylor, 2011), and it took the companies around one month abo ve a year to recover from the massive destruction and loss caused by the earthquake. At that time, Honda and Mazda, both halted the production of their vehicles and parts for the rest of the week after the disaster, and there was a loss of production of about 36,700 vehicles a day (Taylor, 2011) globally. The author of the article (Taylor, 2011) fu

Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Lab Report Essay As part of my module Nip1002 I was required to perform a set of observational skills which included; pulse, blood pressure, respirations, hand washing and urinalysis and then compare them to previous results. In this lab report I am going to discuss blood pressure in detail. Procedure * Explain the procedure to the patient and gain consent * Wash hands thoroughly following the hand wash technique to prevent the transfer of bacteria * Clean equipment e.g. blood pressure cuff and stethoscope using antibacterial wipes * Ensure the patient is comfortable and has been resting for 10 minutes * Remove tight clothing and support the arm at heart level, overestimation or underestimation can occur if it is not at the appropriate level * Ensure you have the correct cuff size for the patient or this could give an inaccurate reading * Locate the brachial artery and apply the cuff * Estimate the systolic pressure by using the radial pulse and inflate the cuff until the pulse cannot be felt. This is important to provide an estimation and avoids error in reading. * To take the patient’s blood pressure use a stethoscope and place on the brachial artery pulse and inflate 20-30 mmHg higher than the estimated systolic pulse * Immediately release the pressure using the thumb valve at approximately 2mmHg per second. If it is deflated too rapidly you may not hear the sounds accurately * The systolic pressure is the level when clear tapping sounds first appear and the diastolic pressure is the level when the sounds disappear * Record the measurements on an observation chart and compare the previous results as this will allow changes in the patient’s condition to be monitored appropriately (see appendix 3) * Remove the cuff and explain the reading to the patient * Clean all equipment and wash hands again to prevent cross infection (Glasper, Richardson; McEwing, 2009, p.168 169) Discussion The heart is located in the centre of the chest and is protected by the rib cage. The heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. It then goes to the left atrium, to the left ventricle, to the ascending aorta and is pumped around the body. The superior and inferior vena cava delivers de-oxygenated blood to the right atrium from the body. (See appendix 1) It then goes to the right ventricle, pumps through to the pulmonary trunk to the right and left arteries and then to the lungs. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2011, Chapter20) Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels and this should be at a certain level to ensure that the body is functioning correctly. Blood pressure varies from person to person but the normal reading for a healthy adult is around 120/80. (BPA 2008) The top number is called systolic blood pressure and is the highest pressure attained in arteries during systole. The bottom number is called diastolic blood pressure and is the lowest arterial pressure attained during diastole. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2011, p.814) The blood pressure reading that I got on my patient was 120/90 this was slightly higher from the previous readings which were 90/50 and 90/60. Although this reading is slightly high I would not consider it to be a case of hypertension. Hypertension is when your blood pressure readings consistently show readings of 140/90 mmHg. (NHS, 2010) A persons chances of having hypertension are raised due to a number of factors; age, weight, family history and diet. Hypertension creates a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes. ((Glasper, Richardson; McEwing, 2009, p.170) Reflection I am going to use Gibbs (Glasper; Richardson, 2011, p.xix) reflective cycle (see appendix 2) to analyse my reflection. I did a set of observations which included; pulse, respirations, blood pressure, hand washing and urinalysis. When I was doing the observations I was very nervous and I was aware that I was being evaluated which made me feel stressed. Overall I think I did well in the exam because I remembered all the steps and got it done in the time limit. I felt I could have done better if I wasn’t as nervous, as I feel this affected my skills technique. Looking back on the exam I think I was lacking in communication skills as I did not talk to the patient enough. In conclusion it is important that all vital signs are monitored as this can be one of the first indications that a patient is deteriorating. Blood pressure is one of the most important physiological measurements used to diagnose a patient’s condition. References BPA (2008) what is normal blood pressure? [online]. BPA. Available from: http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Thebasics/Whatisnormal [Accessed 27th July 2012] Glasper, A. Mcewing, G. and Richardson, J., (2009). ‘Introduction’ in Glasper, A, Mcewing G, and Richardson., Foundation studies for caring. Palgrave McMillan, pxix Glasper, A. Mcewing, G. and Richardson, J., (2009). ‘skills for physiological assessment’ in Glasper, A, Mcewing G, and Richardson., Foundation skills for caring. Palgrave McMillan, p168 p169 Glasper, A. Mcewing, G. and Richardson, J., (2009). ‘skills for physiological assessment’ in Glasper, A, Mcewing G, and Richardson., Foundation skills for caring. Palgrave McMillan, p170 NHS (2011) High blood pressure: hypertension. [online]. NHS. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Blood-pressure-(high)/Pages/Introduction.aspx [Accessed 5th of August 2012) Tortora, G, and Derrickson, B,. (2011). ‘The cardiova scular system: Blood vessels and hemodynamics’. In Tortora, G and Derrickson, B., Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: Maintenance and continuity of the human body’ (13th edit) Wiley. p814. Tortora, G, and Derrickson, B,. (2011). ‘The cardiovascular system: The Heart’. In Tortora, G and Derrickson, B., Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: Maintenance and continuity of the human body’ (13th edit) Wiley. Chapter 20. Appendix 1

Link these jobs with these jobs skills & qualities needed :: Business and Management Studies

Link these jobs with these jobs skills & qualities needed Personal Qualities While certain jobs will require specific skills, there are a number of personal qualities that must employer look for in an employee regardless of job role. These skills are:  · Communication Skills  · Manual Skills  · Using Initiative  · Flexibility  · Reliability  · Enthusiasm  · Problem Solving  · Motivation  · Intelligence  · Honesty  · Time Management  · Team Working Skills  · Dependability  · I.C.T Skills Communication Skills Ability in the areas of language understanding, communicating expressively, and practical language skills is needed in most basic job role. Communication is the art of successfully sharing meaningful information with people by means of an interchange of experience. E.g. Coaches wish to motivate the athletes they work with and to provide them with information that will allow them to train effectively and improve performance. Communication from the coach to athlete will initiate appropriate actions. Manual Skills Many employers will look for employees who have some basic manual skills. Manual skills workers should be able to lift boxes, carry large packages, mop the floor, and climb steps and ladders to reach files or products. E.g. A shop assistant should be manually skilled so that when customers ask for products that are on the top shelves he/she can get it. Using Initiative Employers want staffs that get on with their work happily without complaining. The employees should use their own brain power. E.g. If an employee keep on asking his/her senior about everything on the work she/he is doing that means she/he is not using their initiative. Honesty Employees should be honest to their employers instead of lying to and not coming to work. Making excuses not to come to work saying that I fell off sick, I had to go to an appointment. Even if an employee takes money out from the organisation without asking the employer that is not honest. E.g. an employee in the HSBC bank took out money from the bank without asking. Efficiency Efficient employees have to work at a high standard as possible and

Autobiography of a Coin

I was born in mines. My body is made of various metals. Thus I have no fixed race. I am a hybrid. I remember the day when I was put into a furnace. The whole of my body was burning red hot. Finally, I remember vaguely to have melted. I was put into mcould and given a new shape. When I regained consciousness, I found that I had completely changed. My body was shining brightly. When I had put on my new shape, beautiful designs were put upon both sides of me. I began to smile with joy. After the pains of fires, I had become a personage with some status. I remained at the mint for a few days with a number of brothers and sisters.We were lending a happy life full of golden dreams about our future lives and careers. It was a red letter day in the history of my life, when I was put into a huge bag along with all my brothers and sisters and placed in a bus. We knew we would see the light of the day. Our grand careers were going to commence. We were on the threshold on a new life. Of course, for some time it was suffocating. But we did not mind. We knew our troubles were short lived and would come to an end very soon. We therefore suffered patiently ‘the mild yoke of God’. We were taken down at a majestic building.My friends told me we had reached ‘The State Bank’. I heaved a sigh of relief but my troubles were yet not over. I was closed in a safe. It was rigorous imprisonment. It was rumored that armed constabulary guarded the doors of our prison. We were sad at heart. We had run from frying pan to the fire. All our hopes were on the point of being shuttered. We prayed to god and one day he did listen to our prayers. A gentleman came to my rescue. He took me and some of my brother home and put me in a chest. The next day he gave me to his child, who was very pleased to see my glittering appearance.I was also glad to have obtained this young friend. I had thought that I shall get an oopportunity of enjoying the company of my friend for a long t ime. But alas! He went straight to a sweet-seller and threw me at his shop. The sweet-seller knocked my head against the ground. I had learnt the lesson that life is not a bed of roses. It is really full of dangers, difficulties and disappointments. To cut a long story short, I have been leading a free, vagrant life. I have been with old and young, rich and poor, men, women and children. I have been with doctors and cobblers, cycle-merchants and lawyers, sstudents and company managers.It is impossible to recount all the adventures. I have had all the ups and downs. Now I am old and weak. Time was, when I was young, fresh, energetic and fiery. Now I am mere ashes. I am worn-out and weather-beaten and my heart is as grey as my head. I only console myself with the thought that I have always received love and affection in my life. Everybody has taken great care of me and kept me as best he could. For this all generosity, I thank everybody with all my heart. I have no ambition. I am only waiting for the day, when I shall go back into the lap of my creator (the in charge of mint).

Fear in Salem, Massachusetts and The Crucible Essay

What do you fear in our twenty-first century society? Terrorism, inequality, losing your home, or injustice? Salem, Massachusetts during the seventeenth century feared injustices among the government. Individuals hid and lied to keep safe from being condemned as witches. This era of history is known as the Salem Witch Trials. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible explores the Salem Witch Trials while following the lives of several individuals. The fear and mistrust among the seventeenth century Salem society can be directly related to today’s twenty-first century society. Americans have lost hope and belief in their government creating individuals who are scared to stand up for what is right. Glancing into our twenty-first century world comparisons†¦show more content†¦These individuals may or may not have been witches, yet the jury many times chose to hang any accused individuals with or without reasonable cause. Today, much like during the Witch Trials, people are sen t to prison for crimes they didn’t commit. Of course, many guilty people are sent to prison and rightfully so, but sometimes good lawyers are able to convince the jury unjustly sending innocent individuals to a life in prison. Though, Americans are not scared of being sent to jail for witchery, they are scared of being in the wrong place at the wrong time due to the fear of governmental polices. Due to fear of being wrongly accused during the Salem Witch Trials erratic and chaotic behaviors stemmed across the town. People feared being called witches so they hid, lied, cheated, and wrongfully blamed their friends and family. Chaos grew across the town and more and more people were hung. In comparison, during 9/11 in the United States citizens across the nations hid, cried, and hurt due to the destruction occurring on the home front. Though our towns and nations faced different types of chaos, chaos and odd behavior still occurred. Often as others begin acting out, others follo w. In Salem people hid and accused others to hide their own behaviors. When terrorism struck New York City our entire nation grew into uproar. Our citizens feared for their life, therefore people acted crazilyShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesthat came from the 1950s was Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. During a time when the U.S. was worried of communism taking over, Miller released The Crucible, which helped to capture the hysteria that was occurring. The play presents itself as a metaphor for the House of Un-American Activities Committee that was created during the Cold War when communism was spreading, but Miller never actually referenced it in the play. Although Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is set in the late 1600s, it offers a fine exampleRead MoreTerror Of A Mass Hysteria Hoax1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout Europe. Many European villages in history have witnessed witch executions and the imprisonment of suspected wi tches. The Crucible, along with the Salem Witch Trials and the European witch trials, have many similarities and differences that make them both memorable and important. The Salem Witch Trials lasted from, roughly, February 1692 to May of 1963. The trials in Salem were started by a group of girls claiming to be possessed by the devil and accused several of the local women they didn tRead MoreStatic Characters In The Crucible809 Words   |  4 PagesWithin The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller, multiple characters lives are impacted by the witch trials, causing them to develop and change throughout the story. However, certain characters remain static and act as a median to help the reader notice how immensely other’s have been altered by the trials. An example of a static character in The Crucible would be Rebecca Nurse, a highly respected citizen of Salem, Massachusetts. Rebecca remains the voice of reason throughout the play and showsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Mills Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pageslive without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! (Miller, 133) As The Crucible commences, Arthur Mills transports th e reader to 17th century Salem, Massachusetts, to reenact the affliction of the Salem Witch Trials, ultimately leading to regret and fatality. Miller utilizes his troubled experience with McCarthyism to advance his writing of this controversial play. During 1692, Salem, Massachusetts, had been inhabited by Puritans, who primarily idolized wealth and status. The strictnessRead MoreHuman Nature Causing Mass Hysteria in The Crucible1139 Words   |  5 Pagesinner struggles, and our interaction with others, a tendency that every human has in common. (Human Nature in The Crucible) In, The Crucible, several of the characters are constantly feuding, not only among themselves but with the entire community as well. Many citizens spread ridiculous lies and rumors accusing innocent people of being â€Å"under the influence† of the devil. The people of Salem fall victim to an eruption of delirium, caused by natural human tendencies. Arthur Miller illustrates blame, majorityRead More Con necting McCarthyism and The Crucible Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagessympathizers, which is parallel to the Salem witch trials in the late 1690s when innocent people were accused of practicing witchcraft. One of the people McCarthy accused was author and playwright Arthur Miller. To express his outrage at McCarthy’s actions, miller wrote The Crucible, intentionally drawing similarities between the McCarthy hearings and the Salem witch trials. Miller directly targets McCarthy through the character Abigail Williams in The Crucible. Abigail is portrayed as a sneaky,Read MoreMass Hysteria And The Red Scare1366 Words   |  6 Pageshistory since the beginning of time. It happened in the United States the years 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. In Salem, two young girls were responsible for starting mass hysteria by showing erratic behavior and accusing other people of witchcraft. This resulted in the death of over 20 people. Salem citizens were very confused and scared because they were never sure of how secure they actually were. Another reason Salem citizens were nervous was because, if their fate was put to the test, it would be inRead MoreThe Crucible By William Shakespeare1363 Words   |  6 Pagesdespair. When people fear something or someone, paranoia and hysteria begin to break down the human brain and influence the decisions they make. Throughout history, we as a people have seen the abstraction of fear dominate the ma sses while at the same time, cultivate hysteria. In â€Å"The Crucible†, neighbors begin to shift on one another and allege individuals they have known for a long time of exercising witchcraft and worshipping Lucifer. The small town of Salem, Massachusetts declines into mass agitationRead MoreThe Crucible - Self Image1027 Words   |  5 Pagescan either make or destroy you. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible embodies the theme that emphasizes the protectiveness of reputation and self-image. The characters in The Crucible are self conscious about their actions, considering they are all up to no good. These actions contribute to the mad secrets and greed in the play. Through wrongdoings and witchcraft, the town of Salem hits a state of egotism. The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts 1692. The Puritan society at the time, does not acceptRead MoreObedience, By The Crucible Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesauthority can be either profitable or perilous depending on who the the individual in command is. In the film, The Crucible, obedience leads to the deaths of many innocent individuals. It was because of the â€Å"afflicted† girls’ decision to obey Abigail that Salem was â€Å"talking witchcraft† and accusing so many individuals known for their devotion to God of speaking with the devil (The Crucible). It was also because of the town’s undivided obedience to their religion that those who ultimately decided who